🐾 Medially Luxating Patella (MLP) - Client FAQS

 

What is a medially luxating patella?

A medially luxating patella is a condition where the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal groove and moves toward the inside (medial side) of the knee.  This can cause discomfort, limping, and long term joint damage if untreated.

 

What causes this condition?

It is usually due to abnormal development of the bones and soft tissues of the hind limb. Many dogs are born with a predisposition.  It is more common in small breeds but can also occur in larger dogs.

 

What signs should I look for in my pet?

Common signs include:

  • Skipping or hopping on a back leg
  • Sudden lameness that resolves quickly
  • Bow-legged stance
  • Reluctance to jump or exercise
  • In severe cases, constant lameness

 

How is it diagnosed?

Your veterinarian will perform a physical examination of the knee.  In some cases, X-rays or advanced imaging may be recommended to assess severity and plan treatment.

 

Are there different grades of patellar luxation?

Yes, it is graded from I to IV:

  • Grade I: Kneecap can be moved manually but returns to normal
  • Grade II: Kneecap slips in and out on its own
  • Grade III: Kneecap is mostly out but can be pushed back
  • Grade IV: Kneecap is permanently out and cannot be repositioned

 

Does my pet need surgery?

Not all cases require surgery:

  • Mild cases (Grade I–II): May be managed conservatively with weight control, exercise modification, and monitoring
  • Moderate to severe cases (Grade II–IV): Surgery is often recommended to prevent pain, arthritis, and worsening deformity

 

What does the surgery involve?

Surgery aims to realign the kneecap and stabilise the joint.  This may include:

  • Deepening the groove the patella sits in
  • Repositioning the attachment of the patellar ligament
  • Tightening or releasing surrounding soft tissues
  • In severe cases, correcting bone alignment

 

Is the surgery safe for my pet?

Patellar luxation surgery is commonly performed and generally has a good success rate.  As with any surgery, there are risks such as infection, implant issues, or recurrence, but these are relatively uncommon.

 

What is the recovery like?

Recovery typically involves:

  • Strict rest for 6–8 weeks
  • Gradual return to activity
  • Pain relief and anti-inflammatory medications
  • Physiotherapy may be recommended

Most pets show significant improvement within a few weeks.